产后宫缩痛是产褥早期常见的生理现象,主要表现为子宫收缩引起的下腹部阵发性剧烈疼痛,通常在产后1~2 d出现,持续2~3 d。尽管属于生理现象,但其剧烈的疼痛感可能对产妇的身心健康产生显著影响,如引发焦虑、抑郁等情绪问题以及睡眠质量下降、食欲减退等生理不适,进而降低产妇的产后生活质量。近年来,随着医学观念的转变和护理技术的进步,产后宫缩痛的防治与护理取得了显著进展。本研究从预防、治疗和护理三个方面系统总结了产后宫缩痛的最新进展,并指出未来研究应进一步探索个性化治疗与护理、中西医结合疗法的优化、长期随访与效果评估、智能化护理技术的应用以及心理护理的深化等领域,以进一步提升产妇的产后生活质量。

Postpartum uterine contraction pain is a common physiological phenomenon in the early stage of the postpartum period, mainly manifested as paroxysmal severe pain in the lower abdomen caused by uterine contractions, usually appearing 1-2 days after delivery and lasting 2-3 days. Although it is a physiological phenomenon, its intense pain may have a significant impact on the physical and mental health of the mother, such as causing emotional problems such as anxiety and depression, as well as physiological discomfort such as decreased sleep quality and appetite, thereby reducing the postpartum quality of life of the mother. In recent years, with the transformation of medical concepts and the advancement of nursing techniques, significant progress has been made in the prevention, treatment, and care of postpartum uterine contractions. This article systematically summarizes the latest progress in postpartum uterine contraction pain from three aspects： prevention, treatment, and nursing. It also points out that future research should further explore personalized treatment and nursing, optimization of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine therapy, long-term follow-up and effect evaluation, application of intelligent nursing technology, and deepening of psychological nursing to further improve the quality of postpartum life of mothers.