目的 分析下呼吸道感染患儿的痰液细菌培养结果及流感嗜血杆菌、卡他莫拉菌的药敏试验。方法 选取聊城市妇幼保健院儿科2021年1月至2024年2月4 316例下呼吸道感染患儿,采集其痰液样本行细菌培养,统计细菌的检出情况;另对检出的细菌进行药敏试验,探究其具体的耐药性。结果 共检出1 128株细菌,其中G-菌共778株,以385株流感嗜血杆菌、110株卡他莫拉菌为主;G+菌共350株,以193株金黄色葡萄球菌、136株肺炎链球菌为主。流感嗜血杆菌对氨苄西林、头孢呋辛等耐药率高,对头孢曲松、美罗培南等耐药率低;卡他莫拉菌对克林霉素、红霉素和阿奇霉素等耐药率高,对阿莫西林/克拉维酸、四环素等耐药率低。结论 流感嗜血杆菌、卡他莫拉菌是下呼吸道感染患儿的常见的致病菌,而两者对于临床较多种常用的抗菌药物的耐药率均位于较高水平。
Abstract
Objective To analyze the bacterial culture results of sputum in children with lower respiratory tract infections and the drug sensitivity tests of Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis. Methods A total of 4 316 children patients with lower respiratory tract infections from Liaocheng Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital from January 2021 to February 2024 were selected.Their sputum samples were collected for bacterial culture, and the detection of bacteria was counted. Conduct drug sensitivity tests on the detected bacteria to explore their specific drug resistance. Results A total of 1 128 strains of bacteria were detected, including 778 strains of G-bacteria, mainly 385 strains of Haemophilus influenzae and 110 strains of Moraxella catarra. There are a total of 350 strains of G+ with 193 strains of Staphylococcus aureus and 136 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae being the main strains. Haemophilus influenzae has a high resistance rate to ampicillin, cefuroxime, etc. but a low resistance rate to ceftriaxone, meropenem, etc. Moraxella catarrhalis has a high resistance rate to clindamycin, erythromycin and azithromycin, etc, but a low resistance rate to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, tetracycline, etc. Conclusions Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis are common pathogenic bacteria in children with lower respiratory tract infections, and their resistance rates to various commonly used antibiotics in clinical practice are at a high level.
关键词
下呼吸道感染 /
细菌培养 /
流感嗜血杆菌 /
卡他莫拉菌
Key words
Lower respiratory tract infection /
Bacterial culture /
Haemophilus influenzae /
Moraxella catarrhalis
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