论著

线粒体DNA编码蛋白质亚基的研究

陈飞雄1 申林娜2 蒲军1 徐蔚1

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【摘要】  人类线粒体DNA(mtDNA)是全长为16569 bp的双链闭环分子,除负责编码2种rRNA和22种tRNA外,还参与了4种呼吸酶复合物(13种多肽)的形成。本文就人线粒体DNA编码的各蛋白亚基的结构、功能和研究进展进行综述。

【关键字】  线粒体基因组,线粒体,NADH-CoQ还原酶,泛醌-细胞色素C还原酶,细胞色素C氧化酶,ATP合成酶

中图分类号:Q5文献标识码:A文章编号:1671-8194(2011)01-0006-03

The Research Progress of Protein Subunits Coded by The Mitochondrial DNA

CHEN Fei-xiong1, SHEN Lin-na2, PU Jun1, XU Wei1

(1 Department of Neurosurgery, The 2nd of Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650101,China; 2 Department of Neurology, The 2nd of Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650101,China)

[Abstract]The total length of the human mitochondrial DNA(double loop molecular chain)was 16,569 bp, the genome content of human including 2 rRNA,22 tRNA, and 13 protein-coding genes. The 13 protein-coding genes were NADH dehydrogenase subunits 1-6 and 4L genes; cytochrome c oxidase subunits I-III genes; cytochrome b gene; ATPase subunits 6 and 8 genes; In the present review ,the composition, the structure and function, the most significant studies on the 13 protein-coding genes are reported.

    线粒体是一种普遍存在于真核细胞中的细胞器,除了红细胞外人类所有体细胞都含有线粒体,其中多数细胞含有数以万计的线粒体。线粒体是真核生物细胞内的能量转换体系和供能中心,它含有自己的DNA。就人体来说,线粒体内的DNA(mitochondrial DNA,mtDNA)是核外惟一具有自己的遗传密码和蛋白质翻译系统,控制着线粒体一些基本性质。因此,线粒体除了能量转换作用,还参与了4种呼吸酶复合物(13种多肽)的形成。包括NADH-CoQ还原酶(NADH CoQ reductase,ND)、泛醌-细胞色素C还原酶(CoQ-Cytc reductase)、细胞色素C氧化酶(cytochrome Coxidase,COX)和ATP合成酶(ATPase)[12]

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